John Howard Griffin †Black Like Me

John Howard Griffin – Black Like Me Free Online Research Papers Rhetorical devices can be effective in descriptive writing if used properly. They can give a dominant impression to the reader as well as a main focus. John Griffin uses such techniques in describing the racial conflict in the South. In Black Like Me, John Howard Griffin uses rhetorical devices such as similes and alliterations in order to portray the racial conflict that persisted and that still persists in the South today. Griffin’s use of rhetorical devices such as imagery and alliterations allow the reader to have an image of the segregation issues and the cruelty that the white folks expressed to the blacks. Each type has its own purpose and meaning to that specific part in the story. The imagery Griffin uses throughout the novel allows the reader a clear idea about the differences between the white and black society. Also, near the end of the book, Griffin describes his old office, which he is clearing out because he is going to move to Mexico to escape the threats. â€Å"†¦ emptied now of all except the table and the typewriter and the bed, stripped of its sheets, with only the mattress ticking staring up at the ceiling.† (163). Griffin used alliterations in order to compare the black society to animals that are in constant fear. But while the animals fear their predators, the black society fears the white man, always on the hunt for a stray Negro to humiliate or torture,â€Å" I sensed the radiance of it in the stillness, sensed the earthworms that burrowed back into the depths of the furrows, sensed the animals that wandered in the wo ods in search of nocturnal rut or food.† (4). This part of the story emphasizes the anxiousness that Griffin feels about undertaking this dangerous yet enthralling task. This quote also indirectly shows how the black community lives, in constant fear of the dangers that lurk in their community. Both the imagery and alliterations used by Griffin gives the reader an understanding about what the differences are in the black and white communities and also the worries and state of mind of Negroes. Griffin’s experience as a black allowed him to formulate a more accurate opinion about the problem, which persists in America until this day. His quest was dangerous from the beginning; however, Griffin knew that by exposing the truth, the racial problem in the South would be solved quicker, even if it meant at his sacrifice. Throughout Griffin’s journey, his opinions changed drastically. When he first transformed into a Negro, he was naà ¯ve, thinking that the whites were rather courteous and really sympathized and cared about the black society. He did not fully understand the habits of the blacks at first either, which kept Griffin a little more conservative in order to not attract attention. Yet, as Griffin became more accustomed to the black society, he also discovered the other side of the Southern whites, their racist side. Even some northerners, who tended to accept the black community more than the southerners, would express their contempt at times towards Negr oes. When Griffin tours Tuskegee Institute, he encounters a professor who sympathizes with the black community, who later involuntarily insults a black vendor, â€Å"The white man†¦ had made the first dirty suggestion that came to his mind.† (130). Griffin refuses to believe this at first, but later understands the troubles that the Negroes go through each day of their lives. This is the transformation of Griffin’s opinion about the Southern white and many Northerners as well, knowing how they are the provokers to this whole problem in the South. Griffin’s incorporation of the rhetorical devices such as alliterations and imagery, to name a few, not only give the reader a clearer view of the different communities, but also the transformation within him. His writing becomes much more vivid and lively near the middle when he becomes aware of these atrocities. These devices, allow Griffin to express his opinion about his thoughts on the problem in the South, which so far, has not been solved. Research Papers on John Howard Griffin - Black Like MeThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtGenetic Engineering

Summary of The Power of Context by Malcolm Gladwell

Summary of The Power of Context by Malcolm Gladwell Free Online Research Papers Summary of The Power of Context by Malcolm Gladwell In â€Å"The Power of Context† by Malcolm Gladwell, the author proposes a theory to explain the phenomenon that occurred when the sudden period of intense cleaning and maintenance of crime-infested New York City was able to slash crime rates to astonishing new lows. During his vacation in Africa, Gladwell witnessed the AIDS epidemic firsthand, when the HIV virus was initially contained within a small group of homosexuals, but passed the â€Å"Tipping Point† – a critical point that when exceeded, the rate at which a process proceeds significantly increases – and rapidly infected a large portion of the population. Gladwell applies this concept in his essay â€Å"The Power of Context,† suggesting that when the crime in New York City passed and went below the Tipping Point, a chain reaction began that led the crime rate to decrease exponentially. He provides an account of the steps leading to the recovery of the city, supporting his general theory that the environment exerts greater influence over a person’s mentality and actions than previously realized, as it behaves as a mechanism that triggers abnormal emotions and personalities. Gladwell’s arguments can be traced to th e ongoing debate in the psychological field over Nature versus nurture, as he cites numerous examples of people being affected and manipulated by their surroundings, such as the story of Bernie Goetz and the four youths and the Good Samaritan study; however, he fails to provide and refute counterexamples to his theory. While Gladwell is correct in the sense that the environment can considerably influence many, the majority of these impressionable people are weak-willed, and it can be observed that those with strong mentalities can resist any controlling forces that the environment may exert. Gladwell paints a vivid picture of New York City in the 1980s, when its crime rate was â€Å"in the grip of one of the worst crime epidemics in its history† (288). The most frightening scene of all, Gladwell describes, was the subway, a site plagued by countless problems ranging from robbery to murder. Muggings and other violent crimes were daily occurrences on the trains, as â€Å"New York City averaged well over 2,000 murders and 600,000 serious felonies a year† (287). However, the focus of Gladwell’s tale of the New York City subway system directs attention to the more obvious but less serious surroundings, for example, graffiti, panhandlers and fare beaters. Gladwell thoroughly details such â€Å"Minor, seemingly insignificant quality-of-life crimes,† (292) because he believes these events are Tipping Points of violent crime, as theorized by criminologists James Q. Wilson and George Kelling in their Broken Windows theory, suggesting crime is contagiou s. Gladwell goes deep into the details about the incident involving Bernie Goetz, declaring the environment is in control of everyone in the train. However, Gladwell downplays the characters of the witnesses riding in the same train; while Goetz and the four youths were under the spell of the graffiti, the other passengers were sitting, not committing violent crimes. Though the crime rate on the subway did increase dramatically during the eighties, a period of rampant graffiti, Gladwell’s statement claiming â€Å"Character is more like a bundle of habits and tendencies and interests, loosely bound together and dependant, at certain times, on circumstance and context,† (297) is not justified by the story. The passengers riding along with Goetz did not submit to the writing on the train walls and commit violent crimes, which disproves Gladwell’s theory that all humans are slaves to their environment. Gladwell also points out the concept known as the Fundamental Attribution Error, a theory that suggests people tend to undermine the importance of situation, and overestimate the impact of personal character. Gladwell includes the Good Samaritan study to prove the theory correct, which shows seminarians being rushed to a speech had a ten percent chance of helping a downtrodden person whereas students with time to spare helped the man sixty-three percent of the time. Gladwell maintains that the time constraint made â€Å"Someone who was ordinarily compassionate into someone who was indifferent to suffering – of turning someone, in that particular moment, into a different person,† (299). While the study is very convincing of Gladwell’s proclamation, ten percent of the students in a rush were able to break out of the situation’s submission hold and help the broken man, further supporting the idea that the majority of people tend to succumb to the power of co ntext and the rare heroic type is unable to be bound by anything other than his or her own will, as well as refuting Gladwell’s conjecture. Research Papers on Summary of The Power of Context by Malcolm GladwellCapital PunishmentBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMind TravelThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Training and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Training and Development - Essay Example On the other hand, development can be described as the process of getting hold of knowledge as well as skills that might be utilized even in the future (Fitzgerald, 1992). Thus, development process prepares the human resources to take up further responsibilities in the future. Training and development program in an organization ensures that the skill development and up-gradation of its employees happens in a very structured way. It is essential for present day’s organizations to properly train as well as develop their employees for the improvement of their business performances. This is because regular up-gradation and augmentation of the skills and proficiencies of the employees is necessary for developing innovative approaches for the production of new products and services in the organization (Haynes & Fryer, 2000.). Thus, training and development of employees performs an important role in the creation of innovation in the organization and also in bringing about positive or ganizational change. In this study, a Sydney based Australian Restaurant was selected and the manager as well as an employee of the restaurant would be interviewed to comprehend the processes utilized by the restaurant for the training and development of its employees. The study would then critique the restaurant’s training and development system with the help of relevant human resource management theories by reviewing numerous studies on Human Resource Management (HRM). The study would further analyze whether the training system of the selected restaurant conforms to the recommendations of the reviewed HRM studies. The study would also provide recommendations for the enhanced management of the training and development... The findings of this research will provide insight of the training as well as development programs in an organization that operate as an initiator of fresh proficiencies and knowledge amongst the human resources. Such programs influence the ingenuity as well as creativity of the employees and hence structure the skill base of the entire organization. The updated and developed skill and knowledge base of the human resources confers an organization with unique distinguishable characteristics which differentiates the organization from its peers. Every organization, irrespective of the sector it belongs to, has to rearrange and adapt itself and focus on new practices and approaches of carrying out their business activities in order to remain competitive in the market. Nevertheless, it is not possible for an organization to maintain its competitiveness in the long run if its employees are not adequately trained and developed to incorporate advanced expertise and knowledge. Thus, it can be inferred that the major aspects of training and development programs in an organization are to facilitate the workforces to develop into more proficient professionals at work and also to assist the employees to become accustomed to their definite roles. Training and development also assists the employees to take on futures responsibilities as they establish themselves within the organization. This substantiates the value of training and development programs in every organization for the betterment of its overall performance.

Immigration and the Immigrant Policy Initiative in Britain and the EU Essay

Immigration and the Immigrant Policy Initiative in Britain and the EU - Essay Example The law, introduced in February 2005, obliged people born outside the European Union and who only had a six-months to one year visa to seek special permission from the Home Ministry to marry even if their partner was a British or an EU national. The plight of the many people caught up in this intricate legal tangle had complained of pain, misery, suffering, and humiliation. The move by the High Court came as a relief to many. Rights campaigners had opposed it saying that it did not make a distinction between genuine and sham marriages and sought to tar all non-EU nationals who applied for marriage as potential fraudsters. The law was challenged when one immigrant was refused permission to marry a woman from within the "European Economic Area" (EEA) who had been living legally in Britain. The court ruled that it was incompatible with human rights law as it did not apply to those who wanted to marry within the Church of England. This amounted to discriminating against people of other faiths, including Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism. It was not persuaded by the argument put forward by the Home Office that the exemption for the Church of England was valid because there was no evidence of any sham marriage rackets involving Anglican ceremonies. This act was a knee-jerk reaction based on speculation rather than evidence. The House of Lords complained that the Act had not received proper scrutiny. By this judgment of the High Court, their concerns have proved to be correct. Doctors, other than those from the European Union and favoured countries need to have a work permit under new immigration rules. This is for non-European countries starting July 2006. Those already here and do not have a work permit will have to return to their home country and apply for the same. However, work permit will be given against specific vacancies for which suitable "home-grown" doctors are not available. The move has sparked criticism not only from overseas doctors but also from British medical experts. It is termed as a blow to "Meritocracy" as hospitals would have to give preference to "sons-of-the soil" over better qualified foreign applicants. The decision to scrap the traditional permit-free training arrangement for international doctors is intended to give more opportunities to local doctors and those from the European Union countries. Under the new rules, hospitals will have to show that they are not able to find suitable local candidates. Overseas doctors from non-EU countries will

Energy Drinks Introduction Essay Example for Free

Energy Drinks Introduction Essay Energy drinks refer to beverages that contain, besides calories, caffeine in combination with other presumed energy-enhancing ingredients such as taurine, herbal extracts, and B vitamins. They ? rst appeared in Europe and Asia in the 1960s in response to consumer demand for a dietary supplement that would result in increased energy (Reissig and others 2009). In 1962, a Japanese company, Taisho Pharmaceuticals, launched Lipovitan D, one of the very 1st energy drinks, which is still dominating the Japanese market. Lipovitan D contains B vitamins, taurine, and ginseng, which are all frequent constituents of mainstream energy drinks with the intended purpose of providing the consumer with sustained energy, and to reduce mental and physical fatigue (Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. 2009). Energy drinks did not make their way into the U. S. market until 1997 when Red Bull was ? rst introduced, which originated and was initially launched 10 y earlier in Austria (Reissig and others 2009). Since the 1960s, the energy drink market has grown into a multibillion-dollar business which has been reported as being the fastest growing segment in the beverage industry since bottled water (Agriculture and AgriFood Canada 2008). Energy drinks have established a viable position in the beverage market as evidenced by their commonplace consumption in the morning, afternoon, and night, not only by the general consumer, but those of age 18 to 34 in particular (Lal 2007). Athletes initially were the primary consumers of energy drinks. However, as the energy drink market grew and expanded into various niche markets, athletes are no longer the primary target. Today, the majority of energy drinks are targeted at teenagers and young adults 18 to 34 y old due to this generation’s on-the-go lifestyle and receptiveness to advertisements for these types of products (Lal 2007). While the energy drinks and shots market may be a small component of the non-alcoholic beverage industry, it is perhaps the most dynamic market—growing 60% from 2008-2012 according to Packaged Facts estimates in the all-new research report Energy Drinks and Shots: U. S. Market Trends. In 2012, total U. S. sales for the energy drinks and shots market was worth more than $12. 5 billion. Intense competition surrounds the beverage industry as marketers seek to increase market penetration and consumption frequency through positive alignment as a healthy and/or functional beverage. Thirst quencher/sports drinks remain the most formidable competitor for energy drinks as this type of beverage attracts a large constituency of energy drink users. Energy drinks are subject to competition from other energy-boosting beverages such as coffee and tea beverages, as well as an increasing number of new product innovations that tap into the energy trend but are outside of the beverage industry. At present, energy drinks have the lowest consumption rates of any RTD beverage—a point which reflects the market’s relative infancy but also its growth potential. Experian Simmons analysis shows the growth trend of this market, with the incidence of energy drink usage among adults rising from nearly 13% in 2006 to 17% in 2012. In addition, there is a modest segment of heavy users: 5% of adults consume energy drinks 5-7 times per month and less than 2% drink energy drinks 10 or more times. Packaged Facts estimates that energy drinks account for some 78% market share, followed by 18% for energy shots, and energy drink mixes (roughly 4%) in 2012. A few select marketers dominate the energy drinks and shots market. This demonstrates the first mover advantage in each category. The result is a market that is highly dependent on a handful of key brands, namely Red Bull, Monster Energy, 5-Hour Energy, and Rockstar Energy.

Mathematics of Telescopes :: Math

Missing Figures A Brief History of Telescopes Although telescopes has been around for several hundreds of years, there has been great discrepancy as to who invented it first. Here is one authors opinion. Lippershey was a Dutch spectacle marker during the early 17th century (approximately 1600). He was one of the first who created the "looker" (now called telescope) by placing two pieces of lenses together. The discovery that placing lenses together can magnify images were made by children who took Lippershey's spectacles and looked at a distant church tower. One of the most influential scientist associated with the telescope has to be Galileo. He took the design and reinvented the telescope into one of the first refractive telescopes we use to this day. Galileo used this great invention to report astronomical facts such as the moon is cover with craters instead of being smooth, the Milky Way is composed of millions of stars, and Jupiter have four moons. Perhaps the most famous discovery is the Earth revolves around the Sun and the Earth is not the center of the universe (even though he was discredited at the time). Newton was also involved with telescopes. After his growing interest with light bending, he applied his knowledge of the reflecting and refracting properties of light and invented the first reflective telescopes. Newton's reflective telescopes vastly improve the clarity of images as well as escaping from chromatic abberration. In order to fully understand the concepts and ideas of how a telescopes work, some knowledge of simple optics are required. Some Simple Optics Refraction Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium crosses a boundary and enters another medium of different properties. For example, light traveling from air to water. The amount of refraction (or bending) can be calculated using Snell's Law. Refractor How Refractor Telescopes Work The principle behind the refractive telescopes is the use of two glass lenses (objective lens and eyepiece lens) to gather and bend parallel light rays in a certain way so that the image fits the size of the eye's pupil. Light rays is gather through the opening of the telescope called the aperture and passes through the objective lens and refracts onto a single point called the focal point. From there the light rays continue the same direction until it hits the eyepiece lens which also refract the light back into parallel rays. During the process, the image that enters our eyes is actually reverse of the original image and magnified because the size in which we preceive the image. Mathematics of Telescopes :: Math Missing Figures A Brief History of Telescopes Although telescopes has been around for several hundreds of years, there has been great discrepancy as to who invented it first. Here is one authors opinion. Lippershey was a Dutch spectacle marker during the early 17th century (approximately 1600). He was one of the first who created the "looker" (now called telescope) by placing two pieces of lenses together. The discovery that placing lenses together can magnify images were made by children who took Lippershey's spectacles and looked at a distant church tower. One of the most influential scientist associated with the telescope has to be Galileo. He took the design and reinvented the telescope into one of the first refractive telescopes we use to this day. Galileo used this great invention to report astronomical facts such as the moon is cover with craters instead of being smooth, the Milky Way is composed of millions of stars, and Jupiter have four moons. Perhaps the most famous discovery is the Earth revolves around the Sun and the Earth is not the center of the universe (even though he was discredited at the time). Newton was also involved with telescopes. After his growing interest with light bending, he applied his knowledge of the reflecting and refracting properties of light and invented the first reflective telescopes. Newton's reflective telescopes vastly improve the clarity of images as well as escaping from chromatic abberration. In order to fully understand the concepts and ideas of how a telescopes work, some knowledge of simple optics are required. Some Simple Optics Refraction Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium crosses a boundary and enters another medium of different properties. For example, light traveling from air to water. The amount of refraction (or bending) can be calculated using Snell's Law. Refractor How Refractor Telescopes Work The principle behind the refractive telescopes is the use of two glass lenses (objective lens and eyepiece lens) to gather and bend parallel light rays in a certain way so that the image fits the size of the eye's pupil. Light rays is gather through the opening of the telescope called the aperture and passes through the objective lens and refracts onto a single point called the focal point. From there the light rays continue the same direction until it hits the eyepiece lens which also refract the light back into parallel rays. During the process, the image that enters our eyes is actually reverse of the original image and magnified because the size in which we preceive the image.

Having different plots the two stories nevertheless indicate the common concept

Are people part of this world or we really don’t belong to it? Maybe we’re just strangers, the incidental guests, who dropped in for a moment?This idea unites the two stories, which I’m going to analyze – A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and My Singular Irene by Jose Alcantara Alcanzar. Both stories create the impression of hopelessness, as they indicate bitter alienation of a human in a society, which is ready to swallow his identity.Having different plots, the two stories nevertheless indicate the common concept – they allegorically describe a person’s life from birth to death. However, in both stories birth and death change their meaning to the reverse one.The time, when the events start, is said to be the beginning of spring, which is naturally associated with the birth. In Marquez’s story the birth is also marked by the presence of a new-born baby, but it not him, who is symbolically born but a old man with enormous wings. It is suggestive that is born already old, like in the legend about Buddha’s birth.The reverse order of things is also demonstrated in the fact that he is born from the earth, even from mud (analogical to the traditional burial of a human body). That’s the picture Pelayo saw: â€Å"He had to go very close to see that it was an old man, a very old man, lying face down in the mud, who, in spite of his tremendous efforts, couldn’t get up, impede by his enormous wings† (p.371, paragraph 1).It is opposite to the beautiful concept, when a child, pure and innocent, is sent by the heaven. But in Marquez’s perception, a human is mercilessly thrown into this world, where he has to face loneliness and misunderstanding.The Angel is disempowered and helpless throughout his staying among people, and so is the heroine of Alcanzar’ story. And the reason for the condition is the same   – the wings. Irene is butterfly, which a ce rtain version of angelic image too. Besides, it is interesting to note that for ancient Greeks butterfly sounded exactly like the word, denoting a human soul – psyche.That why in the story My Singular Irene the same way from birth to death- in a conventional meaning – is symbolically described, which is in fact has the opposite direction – from death to life, to renaissance, to magic transformation.For years he’s been kept in her cocoon by her husband who embodies limits of the society. It is noteworthy, that in his narration he uses a lot of   restricting words as ‘allow’, ‘permit’, â€Å"demand†, ‘forgive’ and ‘forbid’. All of them he applies to Irene. He tries to control his wife’s life, leaving her no space for breathing. It would be wrong to say that he doesn’t love her, he does in fact in his own way, as a collector of butterflies.  Indeed, the metaphor of a butterfly acqui res a broader meaning: â€Å"Irene rolled down the window and by accident some butterflies got inside and were trapped† (p.12, paragraph 3) This sentence suggests the concept of human life as seen by Almanzar. It is evident that this view is very similar to the one presented by Marquez.An angel who was thrown into this world and was put by people into a cage reveals the same meaning as butterfly-person, who flew into this world accidentally an was trapped. For both writers, the metaphor for human existence is prison.For Almanzar it is both prison and journey, so that as a result we have a kind of prison on wheels. For Marquez life is a cage in a zoo with thousands of spectators watching and torturing you. I fact, life is a hell for angels.